The Energy to Smoke: Examining the Longitudinal Association between Beverage Consumption and Smoking and Vaping Behaviours among Youth in the COMPASS Study.

Matthew J Fagan,Wei Qian,Scott T Leatherdale,Katie M Di Sebastiano,Guy Faulkner

doi:10.3390/ijerph18083864

Abstract

This study examined the longitudinal association between changes in sugar-sweetened and/or caffeinated beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour among Canadian adolescents. Using longitudinal data from the COMPASS study (2015/16 to 2017/18), four models were developed to investigate whether beverage consumption explained variability in smoking and vaping behaviour in adolescence: (1) smoking initiation, (2) vaping initiation, (3) current smoking status, and (4) current vaping status. Models were adjusted for demographic factors. Multinomial logit models were used for model 1, 2, and 3. A binary logistic regression model was used for model 4. An association between change in frequency of beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour was identified in all models. A one-day increase in beverage consumption was associated with smoking initiation (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.51), vaping initiation (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32), identifying as a current smoker (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35), and currently vaping (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11). Change in high-energy drink consumption was the best predictor of smoking behaviours and vaping initiation but not current vaping status. Given the health consequences of smoking and vaping and their association with high-energy drink and coffee consumption, policy initiatives to prevent smoking/vaping initiation, and to limit youth access to these beverages, warrant consideration.

Highlights

Tobacco consumption is the direct cause of ~7 million deaths annually worldwide [1].in Canada, cigarette smoking is the largest modifiable risk factor contributing to the burden of disease [2]
We demonstrated that high-energy drinks have the strongest association with cigarette smoking and vaping out of all of the examined beverages [28]
This study uses longitudinal-linked, student-level data from the three waves of data collected in the COMPASS system (2015/16 (Time Control (Time C); used to ensure that no smokers or vapers were included in analysis), 2016/17 (Time 1); 2017/18 (Time 2)) to examine if changes from Time 1 to Time 2 in beverage consumption were associated with smoking and vaping at Time 2

Summary

Introduction

In Canada, cigarette smoking is the largest modifiable risk factor contributing to the burden of disease (including premature death and disability-adjusted life years) [2]. 15% of Canadians are considered cigarette smokers, including. 10.6% of Canadian youth (aged 15–19) [3]. Smoking prevalence among Canadian youth is especially a concern as early adoption of smoking behaviour decreases the likelihood of quitting smoking in adulthood [4]. Many Canadians have vaped, with adolescents and young adults reporting the highest rate of vaping of any age category, with 23% of students in grades 7–12 having tried vaping [5]. Vaping in the youth population is a risk factor for subsequent cigarette smoking [6,7]. Preventing smoking and vaping initiation during adolescence should be considered a public health priority

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