The energy crisis in the Sudan: Alternative supplies of biomass

Abstract

The per capita energy consumption in the Sudan is estimated to be 0·38 TOE (tonnes oil equivalent), one of the lowest energy uses in the world. Of this 85% is biomass fuel. The Sudan has few supplies of indigenous energy sources other than fuelwood. Fuelwood is being over-exploited at an excessive rate, in general about 3·6% (or 1·99 × 10 9 m 3) of the total forest cover is removed each year. More critically, in the northern arid regions, 5·2% of the forest area or 9400 km 2 is cut each year. Only 7000 ha of forest are being replanted per year. Alternative forms of biomass such as agricultural residues, natural vegetation and dedicated energy crops could be utilized. It is suggested that the natural resources of the Sudan are adequate to meet the present use of energy, but appropriate and socially acceptable technology requires refinement.