Abstract

The predicted of giant air showers are calculated using a comprehensive set of hadron interaction models. The possible existence of nuclear target effects, increasing interaction cross section and heavy primaries is considered by treating them as operators on other, more basic sets of model parameters. Comparison with the latest experimental results on large showers leads to a realistic relationship between observed muon size Nmu and the total energy of the primary particle E0. In addition, the range of acceptable models determines the uncertainty in the Nmu -E0 conversion. The results are used to produce an integral energy spectrum from the observations of the Sydney array.

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