Abstract
BackgroundThe paranasal sinuses in pediatrics can harbor a wide variety of pathologies. With the present literature being composed of case studies only, this entity is quite understudied. Objectives This article aims to study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and endoscopic management of six different rare frontal sinus pathologies in pediatrics, which include extensive allergic fungal sinusitis, mucoceles, osteoma, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, CSF leak, and subdural empyema. Methods We retrospectively studied all pediatric patients with frontal sinus pathologies presenting to our center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, from the period of 2006 to 2020. Results A total of 8 patients presented to our hospital with different frontal sinus pathologies. 5 of them were males, and 3 were females with an age of presentation ranging from 7 to 17 years. The diagnosis and localization were performed through computerized tomography without contrast and magnetic resonance imaging, when indicated. All cases were primarily managed with endonasal endoscopic approaches successfully without complications and with no recurrence evident upon follow-up. Conclusion In this case series, six different frontal sinus pathologies were managed by an endoscopic approach, with excellent recovery and no recurrence upon follow-up demonstrated. This approach enabled excellent visualization of the pathologies, accurate localization, adequate drainage, and repair or grafting when needed.
Highlights
Paranasal sinus disease has been extensively studied in literature, it has yet to be comprehensively studied in the pediatric population. e difficulty arises as a result of the variability in the size, shape, and pattern of development of each of the sinuses, along with a wide spectrum of pathologies that can affect them [1]. ese pathologies include congenital malformations, traumas, neoplasms, and inflammatory etiologies [1]
During the period from 2006 to 2020, all pediatric patients presenting to our Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery department in King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam with frontal sinus pathologies were enrolled in this study
We present to you eight different cases of frontal sinus disease in pediatrics, which represent a fairly rare entity reported in the literature
Summary
Paranasal sinus disease has been extensively studied in literature, it has yet to be comprehensively studied in the pediatric population. e difficulty arises as a result of the variability in the size, shape, and pattern of development of each of the sinuses, along with a wide spectrum of pathologies that can affect them [1]. ese pathologies include congenital malformations, traumas, neoplasms, and inflammatory etiologies [1].Among all the paranasal sinuses, the frontal sinus is of particular significance due to its close anatomical relationship to the orbit and anterior skull base, which makes it vulnerable to complications, caused by either the disease or surgery [2]. Paranasal sinus disease has been extensively studied in literature, it has yet to be comprehensively studied in the pediatric population. E difficulty arises as a result of the variability in the size, shape, and pattern of development of each of the sinuses, along with a wide spectrum of pathologies that can affect them [1]. Ese pathologies include congenital malformations, traumas, neoplasms, and inflammatory etiologies [1]. Among all the paranasal sinuses, the frontal sinus is of particular significance due to its close anatomical relationship to the orbit and anterior skull base, which makes it vulnerable to complications, caused by either the disease or surgery [2]
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