The End of the African Renaissance

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Elaine Ganley, “Mandela Asks African Renaissance, and Good Government,” Associated Press, June 13, 1994. 2. See World Bank, “Africa Development Indicators,” Web site, http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/africa-development-indicators. 3. See International Monetary Fund (IMF), “Regional Economic Outlook, Sub-Saharan Africa: Back to High Growth?” April 2010, Table SA3, p. 68, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2010/afr/eng/sreo0410.pdf. 4. See World Bank, “Global Monitoring Report 2009,” 2009, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTGLOBALMONITOR/EXTGLOMONREP2009/0,,menuPK:5924413~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:5924405,00.html. 5. See Statistics South Africa, “Quarterly Labour Force Survey,” Statistical Release P0211, May 4, 2010, http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0211/P02111stQuarter2010.pdf and “South Africa's Official Unemployment Rate 32.6 percent,” Reuters, March 31, 1995. 6. See Avril V. Adams, “Skills Development in the Informal Sector of Sub-Saharan Africa,” World Bank, June 10, 2008, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21812910~menuPK:2098867~pagePK:64002643~piPK:64002619~theSitePK:258644,00.html. 7. See IMF, “International Financial Statistics,” Web site, http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/; UN Development Programme, “Human Development Reports,” Web site, http://hdr.undp.org/en/; UN World Food Programme, “Annual Report,” Web site, http://www.wfp.org/policy-resources/corporate?type=37&tid_2=All&tid_4=All. 8. Makau Wa Mutua, “African Renaissance,” New York Times, May 11, 1991, p. 23. 9. See Freedom House, “Freedom in the World,” Web site, http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=15. 10. Kenneth Good, “The Illusion of Democracy in Botswana,” in Larry Diamond, Larry Jay, and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Democratization in Africa: Progress and Retreat (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), p. 293. 11. See “A Runaway Army,” Africa Confidential 50, no. 9 (April 30, 2010), pp. 10–11, http://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/3511/A-runaway-army and Adam Nossiter, “Former Exile Holds Power in West African Nation,” New York Times, May 25, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/26/world/africa/26bissau.html. 12. See Afrobarometer, “Neither Consolidating Nor Fully Democratic: The Evolution of African Political Regimes, 1999–2008,” Briefing Paper no.67, p. 2, http://www.afrobarometer.org/papers/AfrobriefNo67_19may09_final.pdf. 13. Jason Mclure, “Why Democracy Isn't Working,” Newsweek, July 5, 2010, http://www.newsweek.com/2010/06/18/why-democracy-isn-t-working.html. 14. “South Africa: Mbeki Laments Africa's Slip to the Sidelines,” Africannewslive.com, May 28, 2010, http://africannewslive.com/?p=5062. 15. Fund for Peace, “Failed States Index,” Web site, 2010, http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=140. 16. See UN Office on Drugs and Crime, “Transnational Trafficking in West Africa: A Threat Assessment,” July 7, 2009, http://img.modernghana.com/images/content/report_content/westafricareport2009.pdf. 17. See “Piracy Could Spread to Other Parts of Africa: Radebe,” South African Press Association, May 25, 2010, http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/article469446.ece/Piracy-could-spread-to-other-parts-of-Africa-Radebe. 18. Werner Menges, “Heroes’ Monument Losing Battle,” The Nambian, May 6, 2005, http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=17897&no_cache=1. 19. See Commission for Africa, “2005 Report,” http://www.commissionforafrica.info/2005-report. 20. See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Development Statistics, Web site, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/17/5037721.htm. 21. Yunus Abdulhamid, “Group Wants Action On Climate Change By Africa Leaders,” AllAfrica.com, June 8, 2010, http://allafrica.com/stories/201006080660.html. 22. Elaine Ganley, “Mandela Asks African Renaissance, and Good Government,” Associated Press, June 13, 1994. 23. See George B.N. Ayittey, Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa's Future (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). 24. See Edwin Musoni, “Citizens Know What is Best for Them – Kagame,” AllAfrica.com, July 31, 2010. 25. Elias Biryabarema, “Museveni Succession—What Next After Museveni?,” All Africa News Service, January 31, 2008. 26. See Goran Hyden, African Politics in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2005). 27. Jeffrey Herbst, States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), p. 257. 28. Zibani Maundeni, “Why the African Renaissance Is Likely to Fail: The Case of Zimbabwe,” Journal of Modern African Studies 22, no. 2 (2004):195. 29. Se Mark Gevisser, A Legacy of Liberation: Thabo Mbeki and the Future of the South African Dream (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009). 30. See World Bank, “Toward the Competitive Frontier: Strategies for Improving Ethiopia's Investment Climate,” Report No. 48472-ET, June 2009, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTETHIOPIA/Data%20and%20Reference/22432643/Et-ICA-10-June-09.pdf and World Bank, “Capturing the Demographic Bonus in Ethiopia: Gender, Development, and Demographic Actions,” Report No. 36434-ET, June 2007. 31. Leonard Barnes, African Renaissance (London: Gollancz, 1969), p. 10. 32. Johnnie Carson, “U.S. Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa,” testimony before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health, Washington, D.C., March 24, 2010, http://www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/2010/139002.htm. 33. Susan D. Page, “U.S.–South Africa Strategic Dialogue,” African Affairs Special Briefings, Washington, D.C., April 14, 2010, http://www.state.gov/p/af/rls/spbr/2010/140260.htm. 34. See Stephen D. Krasner, “Sharing Sovereignty,” International Security 29, no. 2 (Fall 2004): 85–120. 35. “FACTBOX: African leaders’ French Assets Under Scrutiny,” Reuters, October 29, 2009, http://af.reuters.com/article/gabonNews/idAFLS66793620091029. 36. IMF, “IMF and World Bank Announce Debt Relief to the Republic of Congo,” press release no. 10/20, January 28, 2010, http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr1020.htm. 37. See Kathleen M. Fallon, Democracy and the Rise of Women's Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008). 38. See Daniel Etounga-Manguelle, L'Afrique A-t-Elle Besoin d'un Programme d'Ajustement Culturel? [Does Africa Need a Cultural Adjustment Program?] (Ivry-sur-Seine, France: Editions Nouvelles du Sud, 1990). Additional informationNotes on contributorsBruce GilleyBruce Gilley is assistant professor of political science in the Mark O. Hatfield School of Government at Portland State University and is the author of The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy (Columbia University Press, 2009)