Abstract
The zebrafish research community is celebrating! The zebrafish genome has recently been sequenced, the Zebrafish Mutation Project (launched by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) has published the results of its first large-scale ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen, and a host of new techniques, such as the genome editing technologies TALEN and CRISPR-Cas, are enabling specific mutations to be created in model organisms and investigated in vivo. The zebrafish truly seems to be coming of age. These powerful resources invoke the question of whether zebrafish can be increasingly used to model human disease, particularly common, chronic diseases of metabolism such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In recent years, there has been considerable success, mainly from genomic approaches, in identifying genetic variants that are associated with these conditions in humans; however, mechanistic insights into the role of implicated disease loci are lacking. In this Review, we highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish to address the organism’s utility as a model system for human metabolic diseases.
Highlights
Over the past three decades, the prevalence of the common metabolic diseases obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and atherosclerosis has soared, and these conditions threaten to diminish lifespan for the first time in the modern era (Wild and Byrne, 2005)
Can similar advances be made in the metabolism field utilising the benefits of zebrafish? This Review discusses recent progress in using zebrafish to model the interrelated conditions of the metabolic syndrome, which include obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis
Similar to mammals, excess nutrients are stored in the form of large unilocular lipid droplets in white adipocytes, suggesting that the zebrafish could serve as a useful model in which to study the biology of the adipose depot itself
Summary
The zebrafish research community is celebrating! The zebrafish genome has recently been sequenced, the Zebrafish Mutation Project (launched by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) has published the results of its first large-scale ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen, and a host of new techniques, such as the genome editing technologies TALEN and CRISPR-Cas, are enabling specific mutations to be created in model organisms and investigated in vivo. The zebrafish truly seems to be coming of age These powerful resources invoke the question of whether zebrafish can be increasingly used to model human disease, common, chronic diseases of metabolism such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. There has been considerable success, mainly from genomic approaches, in identifying genetic variants that are associated with these conditions in humans; mechanistic insights into the role of implicated disease loci are lacking. In this Review, we highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish to address the organism’s utility as a model system for human metabolic diseases
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