Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) associated with Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases emerged increasingly in recent years. In this study, the samples from nation-wide HFMD surveillance, including 27 out of 31 provinces in China were investigated, and the continuous and extensive virological surveillance, covered 13 years, were conducted to provide a comprehensive molecular characterization analysis of CV-A10. 855 CV-A10 viruses (33 severe cases included), were isolated from HFMD children patients during 2009 to 2016 in China. 164 representative sequences from these viruses, together with 117 CV-A10 sequences downloaded from GenBank based on entire VP1 were recruited in this study. Two new genotypes (F and G) and two sub-genotypes (C1 and C2) were identified. Among 264 Chinese sequences, 9 of them were genotype B, 8 of them were C1, and the other (247) were C2, the predominant sub-genotype in China since 2012. Chinese C2 viruses showed obvious temporal characteristics and can be divided into 3 clusters (cluster 1~3). Cluster 3 viruses was circulating extensively during 2014 and 2016 with more severe cases. It is very necessary and important to continuously conduct the extensive virological surveillance for CV-A10, and further evolutionary studies will provide more evidence on its evolution and virulence.
Highlights
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) associated with Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases emerged increasingly in recent years
A large outbreak of HFMD associated with CV-A10 and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) were reported in France in 20103
855 CV-A10 viruses from 26 out of 31 provinces obtained in this study, together with 189 Chinese CV-A10 sequences downloaded from GenBank during 2004–2016 were included in this study for further analysis
Summary
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) associated with Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases emerged increasingly in recent years. 27 out of 31 provinces in China were investigated, and the continuous and extensive virological surveillance, covered 13 years, were conducted to provide a comprehensive molecular characterization analysis of CV-A10. 855 CV-A10 viruses (33 severe cases included), were isolated from HFMD children patients during 2009 to 2016 in China. Among 264 Chinese sequences, 9 of them were genotype B, 8 of them were C1, and the other (247) were C2, the predominant sub-genotype in China since 2012. It is very necessary and important to continuously conduct the extensive virological surveillance for CV-A10, and further evolutionary studies will provide more evidence on its evolution and virulence. An extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network including 1 national lab, 31 province labs and 331 prefectural labs was established. Besides of EV-71 and CV-A16, CV-A10 has been increasingly associated with sporadic
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