Abstract
The fact that millions of people worldwide suffer from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD), the two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), has been a permanent challenge to science. New tools were developed over the past two decades and were immediately incorporated into routines in many laboratories, but the most valuable scientific contribution was the “waking up” of the gut microbiota. Disturbances in the gut microbiota, such as an imbalance in the beneficial/pathogenic effects and a decrease in diversity, can result in the passage of undesired chemicals and cells to the systemic circulation. Recently, the potential effect of probiotics on restoring/preserving the microbiota was also evaluated regarding important metabolite and vitamin production, pathogen exclusion, immune system maturation, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to discuss the available data and conclude what has been accomplished over the past two decades. This perspective fosters program development of the next steps that are necessary to obtain confirmation through clinical trials on the magnitude of the effects of kefir in large samples.
Highlights
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by the slow and gradual degeneration of axons and neurons of different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in movement and/or cognitive disorders
Given the role of the gut microbiota in health and the prophylactic/therapeutic potential of probiotics, this review will focus on successful probiotic strategies against neurodegenerative abnormalities such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs)-epileptic disorders that manifest as repeated seizure episodes
Cardiovascular disease and ND can significantly undermine the quality of life of an individual, which indicates the need for scientific research that seeks to discover possible alternatives for treatment or even the improvement of the patients’ quality of life
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by the slow and gradual degeneration of axons and neurons of different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in movement and/or cognitive disorders. These complex disorders are closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, which are two main systemic conditions that aggravate neurodegeneration [1,2]. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1845 million people worldwide are affected by these disorders, mainly in low and middle-income countries [5].worldwide. 50 million people are affected by case theseappears disorders, mainly in low and middleout that in. Out that in 2050, the number of people suffering from these diseases will reach 115.4 million due to population aging [6]
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