Abstract
Simple SummaryNon-coding RNAs have been recently attained attention because of their contribution in the pathogenesis of brain tumors. These transcripts have been shown to be dysregulated in pituitary gland tumors as well as meningiomas. In these two types of brain tumors, dysregulation of non-coding RNAs has been associated with some clinical features and response to therapeutic options. Different types of non-coding RNAs have been shown to interact with each other to promote progression of brain tumors. Further research is needed to find the possible application of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for pituitary gland tumors as well as meningiomas, particularly in patients’ follow-up.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. LncRNAs that participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors mainly serve as sponges for miRNAs. CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, XIST/miR-424-5p, H19/miR-93a, LINC00473/miR-502-3p, SNHG7/miR-449a, MEG8/miR-454-3p, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, MEG3/miR-376B-3P, SNHG6/miR-944, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, lncRNA-m433s1/miR-433, TUG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-302, SNHG1/miR-372, SNHG1/miR-373, and SNHG1/miR-520 are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Hsa_circ_0001368 and circOMA1 are two examples of circRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. Meanwhile, SNHG1, LINC00702, LINC00460, and MEG3 have been found to partake in the pathogenesis of meningioma. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma.
Highlights
Non-coding RNAs comprise heterogeneous types of transcripts in terms of functions, size, evolutionary conservation, and expression level
We describe the role of these classes of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma
CircOMA1 is an upregulated circRNA in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas which sponges miR-145-5p, a miRNA that inhibits the growth of this type of tumor through targeting TPT1 [63]
Summary
Non-coding RNAs comprise heterogeneous types of transcripts in terms of functions, size, evolutionary conservation, and expression level. Soon after the completion of the Human Genome Project, several non-coding RNAs were detected in mammals [1]. 80% of the human genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs [3] These transcripts take part in manifold biological processes, controlling physiological and developmental events. LncRNAs are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides and several shared features with mRNAs, yet lack detectable open reading frames [5]. They regulate the expression of genes by serving as signals, decoys, scaffolds, guide RNAs, or enhancer RNAs [5]. We describe the role of these classes of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma
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