The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland

S Latvala,P Laitinen,M Jalli

doi:10.2137/145960611795163015

Abstract

Fungal plant pathogens causing cereal diseases in Finland have been studied by a literature survey, and a field survey of cereal leaf spot diseases conducted in 2009. Fifty-seven cereal fungal diseases have been identified in Finland. The first available references on different cereal fungal pathogens were published in 1868 and the most recent reports are on the emergence of Ramularia collo-cygni and Fusarium langsethiae in 2001. The incidence of cereal leaf spot diseases has increased during the last 40 years. Based on the field survey done in 2009 in Finland, Pyrenophora teres was present in 86%, Cochliobolus sativus in 90% and Rhynchosporium secalis in 52% of the investigated barley fields. Mycosphaerella graminicola was identified for the first time in Finnish spring wheat fields, being present in 6% of the studied fields. Stagonospora nodorum was present in 98% and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in 94% of spring wheat fields. Oat fields had the fewest fungal diseases. Pyrenophora chaetomioides was present in 63% and Cochliobolus sativus in 25% of the oat fields studied.;

Highlights

Plant diseases are an outcome of the long-term interaction between plants and pathogens
We studied the incidence and distribution of cereal leaf spot diseases in spring barley, spring wheat and oats in Finland in 2009
The main outcome of the literature study was the list of plant pathogens identified on cereals in Finland

Summary

Introduction

Plant diseases are an outcome of the long-term interaction between plants and pathogens. Changes in cropping systems and in climate are likely to maintain the plant-pathogen interactions (Gregory et al 2009). Are assumed to play a key role in the emergence of infectious plant diseases (Anderson et al 2004). The term ‘emerging disease’ refers to a recent disease on a new host and/or in a new area, or it is. A disease that has recently become important due to an increase in virulence (Giraud et al 2010). A recent example of a new disease is Ramularia leaf spot on barley (Walters et al 2008). Examples of pathogens with increased virulence are the Ug99 pathotype of wheat stem rust (Singh et al 2008)

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