Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the development of the Social Enterprise (SE) in Thailand. Emerging from the non-profit sector in the 1970s, Thailand is now experiencing the development of new state-private policy interventions to stimulate development of SE. We combine the work of Kerlin on the socio-economic environment with the theories of market creation from economic sociology. We pinpoint for the first time the key institutions, networks, cognitive framings and policy initiatives of SE emergence and development in Thailand. In addition, we identify a new country type Social Enterprise Semi Strategic Diverse model form, we term an Authoritarian State-Corporate model.
Highlights
The phenomenon of social enterprise has attracted the attention of policy makers and practitioners around the world (Wilson & Post 2013) and the associated rise in scholarly interest is reflected in the growing tally of publications in the academic press about SE as a distinct category of organizations and the activity of social entrepreneurship (Cukier, Trenholme, Carl, & Gekas, 2011; Lepoutre, Justo, Terjesen, & Bosma, 2013; Lumpkin, Moss, Gras, Kato, & Amezcua, 2013)
In the findings we present for the first time empirical data to illustrate the key institutions, networks and cognitive framings of SE in Thailand, the timelines of key Thailand government social enterprise development policies coupled with concerns around the growing influence of the state and private sector in partnership on the co-optation of the SE sector
Our research shows the model of using business activities to generate social impact existed in Thailand before the term “social enterprise” was popularized
Summary
The phenomenon of social enterprise has attracted the attention of policy makers and practitioners around the world (Wilson & Post 2013) and the associated rise in scholarly interest is reflected in the growing tally of publications in the academic press about SE as a distinct category of organizations and the activity of social entrepreneurship (Cukier, Trenholme, Carl, & Gekas, 2011; Lepoutre, Justo, Terjesen, & Bosma, 2013; Lumpkin, Moss, Gras, Kato, & Amezcua, 2013). The two defining characteristics of SE: the adoption of some form of commercial activity to generate revenue and the pursuit of social goals (Laville & Nyssens, 2001; Mair & Martì, 2006; Peattie & Morley, 2008; Peredo & McLean, 2006).
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