The elliptic Ginibre ensemble: A unifying approach to local and global statistics for higher dimensions

Abstract

The elliptic Ginibre ensemble of complex non-Hermitian random matrices allows us to interpolate between the rotationally invariant Ginibre ensemble and the Gaussian unitary ensemble of Hermitian random matrices. It corresponds to a two-dimensional one-component Coulomb gas in a quadrupolar field at inverse temperature β = 2. Furthermore, it represents a determinantal point process in the complex plane with the corresponding kernel of planar Hermite polynomials. Our main tool is a saddle point analysis of a single contour integral representation of this kernel. We provide a unifying approach to rigorously derive several known and new results of local and global spectral statistics, including in higher dimensions. First, we prove the global statistics in the elliptic Ginibre ensemble first derived by Forrester and Jancovici [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11, 941 (1996)]. The limiting kernel receives its main contribution from the boundary of the limiting elliptic droplet of support. In the Hermitian limit, there is a known correspondence between non-interacting fermions in a trap in d real dimensions Rd and the d-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We present a rigorous proof for the local d-dimensional bulk (sine) and edge (Airy) kernel first defined by Dean et al. [Europhys. Lett. 112, 60001 (2015)], complementing the recent results by Deleporte and Lambert [arXiv:2109.02121 (2021)]. Using the same relation to the d-dimensional harmonic oscillator in d complex dimensions Cd, we provide new local bulk and edge statistics at weak and strong non-Hermiticity, where the former interpolates between correlations in d real and d complex dimensions. For Cd with d = 1, this corresponds to non-interacting fermions in a rotating trap.