The elevation of different myocardial biomarkers on admission is associated with disease features and different outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

Test of different myocardial biomarkers is commonly arranged in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We sought to figure out whether different myocardial biomarkers' elevation is related to characteristics of ruptured aneurysms and patients' clinical outcomes. Patients with aSAH admitted in the Neurosurgery Department of West China Hospital from September 2019 to March 2020 were screened. Those who have one clear responsible aneurysm and met inclusion criteria were included. Clinical characteristics, site and size of the aneurysm, modified Fisher scale, troponin T (TPN-T), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin (Myo) levels at admission, clinical outcomes (3-month mRS) were collected and compared. The study included 124 patients. After multivariate logistic regression, Hunt & Hess grade (per unit grade, OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.49), the size of ruptured aneurysm (equal to or more than 7 mm, OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.32–7.10) was highly predictive of myocardial biomarker elevation. All three biomarkers (TPN-T, CK-MB, Myo) were associated with unfavorable prognoses. Higher mortality (37.2% vs. 18.6%, P = 0.036) and a lower rate of good outcomes (41.9% vs. 71.2%, P = 0.003) were observed in patients with any positive myocardial biomarkers at admission. The clinical outcomes of patients with positive troponin T and negative creatine kinase MB were especially unfavorable. Our study demonstrates that the degree of neurological injury and size of ruptured aneurysm are strong predictors of myocardial biomarkers elevation, the site of ruptured aneurysm may not be associated with heart injury after SAH. The outcomes of patients with different combinations of abnormal biomarker levels may have significant differences and deserve further study.