Abstract
This chapter discusses the utility of these elementary spatial functions in understanding spatial behavior in the brain damaged and normal adult and in the developing infant and child. There is neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic evidence that occipital and parietal lobe neurons are involved in visual spatial perception. The category of spatial perception includes the elementary spatial functions of object localization, line orientation detection, and spatial synthesis. Spatial memory includes short-term and long-term spatial memory. Short-term spatial memory is dependent on the right medial temporal region, especially the hippocampus, and on right diencephalic structures, especially the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Long-term memory is the ability to recall information after a much longer interval. Spatial attention is composed of spatial attention to right hemispace and spatial attention to left hemispace. Mental rotation is the only spatial mental operation which has been well studied in brain damaged adults. It is disrupted particularly by lesions of the right parietal lobe.
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