Abstract
The pressure dependence of the glass-transition temperature (glass-transition lines) is described through a relationship similar to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The criterion for the glass-liquid transition for polymer and other glasses is calculated. According to the proposed speculations, an elementary softening event in glasses is reduced to the critical deformation of interatomic (intermolecular) linkage, which corresponds to the maximum force of attraction between atoms. A glass (an amorphous polymer) softens when the mean energy of the thermal motion of the kinetic units responsible for the viscous flow is ∼3 times higher than the work of the ultimate deformation of the interatomic bond. The nature of structural changes occurring in the course of critical displacement (excitation) of kinetic units in liquids and glasses is discussed.
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