Abstract
In the last several years, the realization of an Electron‐Ion Collider (EIC) with luminosity greater than 1033 cm− 2 s− 1, a center‐of‐mass energy in the range of 30 to 100 GeV and employing spin‐polarized electron and nucleon beams as well as beams of low mass to heavy ions has developed into a leading initiative in hadronic physics worldwide. Using the precisely determined electroweak interaction to probe hadronic matter, EIC would open a new window on the fundamental quark and gluon structure of the nucleon and address completely new aspects of hadron structure like the origin of nuclear binding and the search for highly saturated gluonic matter. A promising realization of EIC utilizes the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA which has accelerated both heavy ions as well as polarized protons. At present, an effort is underway to develop a conceptual design for an electron‐ion collider using RHIC within the next several years.
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