The Electron-Optical System of a Gyrotron with an Operating Frequency of 263 GHz for Spectroscopic Research

Abstract

We describe specific features of modeling numerically the operation of magnetron-injection guns, which form high-quality helical electron beams in gyrotrons operated in the short-wave part of the millimeter-wave band (at a wavelength of 1 mm). As an example, we consider the gun of a gyrotron having an operating frequency of 263 GHz designed for spectroscopic research. It is shown that there are good reasons to perform calculations and optimization of the magnetroninjection un in two steps. At the first step, a simplest two-dimensional model can be used, which allows only for the influence of the field of the electrodes and the intrinsic space charge of the beam on the beam parameters. At the second, final stage one should allow for such factors as roughness of the emitting surface and thermal velocities of electrons. The electron distribution function in oscillatory velocities and the coefficient of electron reflection from the magnetic mirror should be calculated. It is demonstrated that the magnetron-injection gun, which is optimized by the method presented, is sufficiently universal and can be operated both at the first and second cyclotron-frequency harmonics. This opens up the possibility of developing gyrotrons for spectroscopy applications at frequencies of 263 and 526 GHz, respectively, which are required for biological and medical research.