Abstract
Measurements of the electromotive force of concentration cells with silver-silver bromide electrodes, and with or without cation exchanger electrodes, show differences beween NH 4Br and KBr about one fifth of those calculated from freezing points. This is taken as proof that the abnormalities in the freezing points of ammonium salts do not arise in the water phase. It is extremely improbable that they arise in the ice, and the most probable cause is the surface electrical potential due to the great difference in solubilities of the ions in ice. Whether they arise in the ice or in the surface they lead to uncertainty in the osmotic coefficients for water activity and in the mean activity coefficients of ammonium salts determined from freezing points.
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