The electrochemical coupling reactions of organic halides compound in a valuable and practical manner for C[sbnd]C and C–heteroatom formation: An overview

Abstract

Owing to the environmental and energy problems nowadays, one of the enormous challenges is expanding clean, renewable energy to reduce the destructive ecological effects of chemical industries. Compared with other traditional processes, the electrochemical method has some benefits, such as being selective, causing minor waste, and working under mild conditions with no external oxidizing or reducing reagents, making this approach more economical and eco-friendly. Electrochemistry represents a powerful tool within synthetic organic chemistry. The development part of chemistry intends the performance of organic reactions employing electrons, including adding or removing electrons. Using electric current as a reagent has some advantages, such as simplicity of reactions, accessibility of materials, replacing toxic oxidizing or reducing reagents, and applying an eco-friendly environment. During the last decades, there has been much effort to decrease the usage of fossil fuels, and electricity has emerged as a common energy source. The conversion of electricity energy into chemical energy leads to new synthetic paths, and this energy is naturally safe and environmentally friendly. Developing electrochemistry approaches for performing high-performance organic reactions is essential for chemical industries. The electrochemical reaction is a green strategy because of the utilization of electric current instead of stoichiometric oxidants or reductants. Due to its helpful and environmentally friendly ability to produce reactive intermediates, organic electrochemistry has advanced considerably in oxidative hydrogen evolution coupling and sacrificial anode electroreduction. New developments in organic electrochemistry focus on developing new electrolytic catalysts,photoelectrocatalysis, bioelectrosynthesis, optimizing electrode materials, paired electrolysis, and artificial intelligence-assisted electrosynthesis. Thus, organic electrochemistry is expanding daily because of the significant number of construction projects and the possibilities of applying organic electrochemistry. Electrochemical methods for constructing organic compounds have tolerated renewal for the past decades. Organic electrochemistry has a wealthy background in organic synthesis. We hope this review helps to attract more attention to organic electrochemistry from researchers by using electrochemical processes in the laboratory and the industrial centers, which decrease pollution and create an eco-friendly. In this review, the electrochemical coupling reaction of organohalides for synthesizing various coupling products has been summarized and discussed since 2000.