The Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease in Kirkuk General Hospital

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has an increased risk of not only end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but majority of moderate CKD patients do die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) before reaching ESRD. The occurrence of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in uremic patients has been recognized for decades. The Aim of Study: To study ECG abnormalities in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at Kirkuk General Hospital. Patients were recruited from the dialysis unit and all who met diagnostic criteria for stages 5 CKD were included. There were 100 cases on regular hemodialysis, (60)were males and (40) were females. All had their standard 12lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded and various findings. All patient were examined and the blood was drawn from each patient and sent for renal function tests and serum electrolytes level. Results: The most common causes of CKD were hypertension (HT) (78%)and diabetes mellitus (DM) (55%).The most common electrolyte disturbances were hypocalcaemia (35%)and hyperkalaemia (29%). The ECG abnormalities among the patients of CKD were: LVH(30%), LAE(11%), mixed LVH and LAE(16%), sinus tachycardia(25%), sinus bradycardia(24%), ventricular ectopic beat(20%), arterial ectopic beat(6%),ischemic changes(10%), tented T-wave(43%), prolonged QT interval(43%), Arterial fibrillation (2%) and normal ECG (4%).All these findings are related to the causes of CKD especially HT and DM and other causes. Conclusion: HT and DM are most common causes of CKD, and ECG abnormalities and electrolytes disturbance were prevalent in patients with CKD