Abstract
A great amount of electricity generation exerts a tremendous pressure on China's water resources. The spatial mismatch between primary energy and water in China aggravates the pressure of water resources and results in virtual water transfers from drier to wetter regions through electricity trade. Firstly, we construct an electricity generation-consumption (EGC) model to model inter-provincial electricity trade in China and propose a hybrid virtual water intensity (HVWI) indicator to represent the provincial overall virtual water consumption factor. Then, we combine the inter-provincial electricity trade and the provincial HVWI to build China's virtual water trade network. The results show that total inter-provincial virtual water embodied in the electricity trade is 5637 GL. The top three largest electricity trade flows are Yunnan-to-Guangdong (111 billion kWh), Inner Mongolia-to-Beijing (32.7 billion kWh) and Inner Mongolia-to-Liaoning (31.1 billion kWh), and the top three largest virtual water flows are Yunnan-to-Guangdong (1527 GL), Sichuan-to-Chongqing (432.6 GL) and Sichuan-to-Shanghai (418.7 GL).
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