Abstract
The aim of this work is to validate the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 01 (CSES-01) Electric Field Detector (EFD) measurements through the analysis of the instrument response to various inputs: (a) geomagnetic field variations, (b) plasma density depletions, and (c) electromagnetic signals from natural and artificial sources such as Schumann resonance and VLF (Very Low Frequency) antennas. The knowledge of the geomagnetic induced electric field vs×B (where vs is the satellite speed and B and the local magnetic field), and the plasma variations effect, described by the Orbit Motion Limited (OML) theory, are key parameters to determine the expected theoretical values of the EFD sensors potentials data. Based on the CSES on-board measurements of plasma parameters and geomagnetic field, a direct quantitative validation is presented. In addition, the electromagnetic signals detection capability is checked but only qualitatively confirmed, since the ionospheric complexity does not allow an accurate theoretical computation of waves modulation. The quantitative comparison highlights the very good agreement between observed and theoretical potentials values during average condition. Conversely, in case of strong electric fields, the OML theory shows partial inability in reproducing the actual space plasma conditions resulting in a reduced theoretical values reliability. Finally, both natural and artificial electromagnetic signals are satisfactorily identified showing a reliable sensitivity in different frequency bands.
Highlights
The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 01 (CSES-01) was launched on 2 February2018 into a sun-synchronous, polar and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 507 km with an inclination of ∼97◦ and a period of ∼95 min to inspect natural electromagnetic phenomena possibly related to earthquakes [1]
Results obtained during quiet periods of observation, with full applicability of the Orbit Motion Limited (OML) theory description, highlight the reliability of both CSES Langmuir Probes and Electric Field Detector (EFD) data
The electromagnetic field of VLF signals in the conjugate area is smaller than that above the VLF transmitter because of Landau damping when the wave approaches a high wave normal angle. These results show that the nightside observation of electromagnetic field of CSES-01 satellite at VLF band is stable and reliable (Figures 8 and 9)
Summary
2018 into a sun-synchronous, polar and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 507 km with an inclination of ∼97◦ and a period of ∼95 min to inspect natural electromagnetic phenomena possibly related to earthquakes [1]. Its working principle is the active double-probe technique, so that the electric field (E) components are obtained as the difference between the probes voltages divided by the distance d between the various probes pairs. Xs ,Ys and Zs are defined as: Xs is the flight direction, Zs is directed from the satellite to the Earth, and Ys completes the orthogonal right-handed system.
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