Abstract
In this article we document the decline in party strength in the U.S. House of Representatives from the 19th to the 20th century. The decline holds both at the aggregate levels of party voting and across specific policy dimensions. The demise of party in the U.S. House of Representatives is viewed as a function of several factors, the most important being that political parties lost their sanctions over members. Some policy consequences of the loss of sanctions and the decline of party strength in the House are outlined. The most important consequences are the shifting nature of policy coalitions and the inability of the electorate to hold the House responsible for public policy.
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