Abstract
When cultivating crops in arid conditions, special importance is attached to soil cultivation systems aimed at eliminating the deficiency of soil moisture. The main purpose of soil cultivation is to create an optimal soil structure, which is a multiphase system of solid, liquid and gaseous components that form soil fertility with a subsequent effect on the yield of agricultural crops. Various soil cultivation systems are used to form a favorable soil structure. The conservative cultivation system consists in the minimum impact on the soil (usually direct sowing) and with the preservation of plant residues on its surface. The relevance of the study is to identify the most effective system of soil cultivation. The study was carried out under the conditions of many years of stationary experience in legume crop rotation for 5 years. It was revealed that the conservative system of soil cultivation is effective and surpasses the traditional one in the following indicators: soil moisture is more by 14.2%; the soil temperature is 2.6% lower; soil density is 3.48% higher. A stable increase in yield was also revealed: for winter wheat by 6.62%, for spring barley by 8.09%, for peas by 13.95% and for soybeans by 23.00%.
Highlights
In the production of crop products, the leading role is assigned to soil-cultivating operations [1]
Choosing a soil cultivation system, they focus on soil and climatic conditions, on the agrobiological characteristics of crops included in the crop rotation, on saving the natural potential of the soil, on the rational use of mineral fertilizers and chemical protection, etc
The obtained results of the study indicate that the conservative system of soil cultivation provides a stable increase in yield compared to traditional for winter wheat by 6.62%, for spring barley by 8.09%, for peas by 13.95% and for soybeans. by 23.00%
Summary
In the production of crop products, the leading role is assigned to soil-cultivating operations [1]. For areas with a dry and long period (summer), conservative cultivation is preferable due to the fact that the least impact on the soil, both in depth and in the number of passes, allows the structure to form in a natural way, and the presence of plant residues forms a protective dense layer that prevents evaporation soil moisture, soil overheating and reduces erosion processes. It is relevant and practically significant to study the traditional and conservative systems of soil cultivation, contributing to the favorable formation of hydrothermal soil conditions, the optimal structure (density) of the soil and stable productivity of agricultural crops. The yield of cultivated crops was determined using a combine method
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