Abstract
Wastewater treatment in rural areas is important to prevent the pollution of aquatic environments and to protect the health of the population. Centralized treatment systems present a high cost, making the use of decentralized systems attractive. The use of septic tanks for on-site treatment of residential (single-family) is an attractive alternative within the context of Brazilian sanitation. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of the Economic Septic Tank in the treatment of wastewater of two residences located in a rural area. Two systems were installed: the first treat sanitary wastewater of a residence with three residents (A) and the second treat only the water from the toilet of a residence with five residents (B) (Black Water). For both systems, A and B, removal efficiencies were obtained in relation to total suspended solid (75%), biochemical oxygen demand (58 and 55%), and chemical oxygen demand (61 and 60%), respectively. Removal efficiencies were close, indicating that the system works satisfactorily in both systems, considering values indicated in the literature.
Highlights
About 15% of the world's population lives in areas of water stress, where many people struggle to gain access to sufficient drinking water
With most research in this area to date has focused on large-scale and centralized treatment systems (Somlai et al, 2019), It has lack of studies with conclusive and adequate results on the efficiency of the use of low-cost systems in the decentralized treatment of single-family wastewater, mainly in Brazil, the present study evaluated a septic tank, which is the individual effluent treatment system more applied in the world (Ávila, 2005; Nasr & Mikhaeil, 2015; Van Haandel et al, 2006)
The Botucatu/SP Economic Septic Tank (EST) affluent, which is composed of all resident wastewater, is considered to have a mean concentration in relation to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids parameters (TSS), but for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), it is considered wastewater with high concentration
Summary
About 15% of the world's population lives in areas of water stress, where many people struggle to gain access to sufficient drinking water. Throughout the world, significant development has been made in wastewater treatment for urban areas; rural areas are lagging behind in this respect (Eggimann et al, 2018; Massoud et al, 2009). This problem is not different in rural areas in Brazil. The Brazilian rural area is commonly formed by small family units (4 to 6 people), where the use of centralized treatments is not the most indicated. The decentralized treatment is gaining more attention and its characteristics meet the need for single-family on-site treatment (Massoud et al, 2009)
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