Abstract
BackgroundLeopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., is a key pest of walnut trees in arid and dry areas. It severely damages walnut tree gardens with limitations on irrigation water in the growing season. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of trunk injections of three systemic insecticides: imidacloprid, oxydemeton-methyl, thiamethoxam and a complete fertilizer, Nutreeno® against the leopard moth. Trunk injection was done by drilling. The walnut annual shoots of 60 cm in length were sampled from four directions of the treated and control trees in 4 months after treatments.ResultsThe results showed that all treatments including the insecticides and the complete fertilizer at higher concentrations had acceptable efficacy on the leopard moth, and thiamethoxam was the best treatment.ConclusionsTrunk injections by neonicotinoid insecticides and Nutreeno can be a safer control method against leopard moth larvae in old walnut trees around residential areas.
Highlights
Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., is a key pest of walnut trees in arid and dry areas
The aim of this study is the evaluation of the efficiency of three systemic insecticides and a complete fertilizer by trunk injection method in infested walnut trees
Treatments of oxydemeton-methyl at two doses indicated that it could be effective on leopard moths, but at the low concentration of 1.25 g a.i./tree, it had the least efficacy among treatments
Summary
Zeuzera pyrina L., is a key pest of walnut trees in arid and dry areas. It severely damages walnut tree gardens with limitations on irrigation water in the growing season. Increasing walnut cultivation area in Iran and climate change over the last half century have caused walnut trees to be attacked by a large number of pests and diseases which have reduced the quality and quantity of Damage caused by leopard moth generally is observed in different parts of the tree’s crown including shoots, main branches and the trunk of walnut trees. The larval neonates often penetrate into the new shooting from the leaf connection to the stem and feed on woody tissue of the shoot.
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