Abstract
Elastic resistance exercise is a popular mode of strength training that has demonstrated positive effects on whole-body strength and performance. The purpose of this work was to identify the efficacy of elastic resistance training on improving upper limb strength and performance measures for the shoulder. Seven online databases were searched with a focus on longitudinal studies assessing shoulder elastic training strength interventions. In total, 1367 studies were initially screened for relevancy; 24 full-text articles were included for review. Exercise interventions ranged from 4–12 weeks, assessing pre-/post-strength and performance measures inclusive of isometric and isokinetic strength, 1RM strength, force-velocity tests, and throwing-velocity tests. Significant increases in various isometric strength measures (IR:11–13%, ER:11–42%, FL: 14–36%, EXT: 4–17%, ABD: 8–16%), 1RM strength (~24% in bench press), force-velocities, throwing- and serve-velocities (12%) were all observed. Elastic resistance training elicited positive effects for both strength and performance parameters regardless of intervention duration. Similar significant increases were observed in isometric strength and 1RM strength across durations. Isokinetic strength increases were variable and dependent on the joint velocity conditions. Quantifying the dosage of appropriate exercise prescription for optimal strength and performance gains is inconclusive with this study due to the heterogeneity of the intervention protocols.
Highlights
Strength training provides a multitude of health and performance benefits
The search was comprised of a combination of three classifications with their affiliated keywords; these sections were focused on the upper extremity, strength, and performance measures, and the elastic resistance training modality
The increases observed in performance measures and strength variables, in peak torque, 1RM strength, force velocities, and throwing velocities identify Elastic resistance training (ERT) as a viable mode of resistance training for eliciting observable strength and performance gains in individuals participating in longitudinal strength training programs
Summary
Strength training provides a multitude of health and performance benefits This training involves a diverse range of movements that require the muscles to counteract some form of resistance or force. The use of this training method enables improvements in static and dynamic muscle function, bone strength and formation, joint range of motion, joint stability [1], and athletic performance while decreasing injury risk [2,3,4]. This type of training enables users to perform functional movements in any direction, alternative to traditional free weights, which provide an external force for the muscles against gravity
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