Abstract
Selected traditional medicinal plants exhibit therapeutic effects in coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) patients. This review aims to identify the phytochemicals from five traditional medicinal plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Nigella sativa, Curcuma longa, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera) with high potential in modulating the main protease (Mpro) activity and cytokine storm in Covid‐19 infection. The Mpro binding affinity of 13 plant phytochemicals were in the following order: Withanoside II > withanoside IV > withaferin A > α‐hederin > withanoside V > sitoindoside IX > glabridin > liquiritigenin, nigellidine > curcumin > glycyrrhizin > tinocordiside > berberine. Among these phytochemicals, glycyrrhizin, withaferin A, curcumin, nigellidine and cordifolioside A suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and showed stronger anti‐inflammatory activities than standard Covid‐19 drugs. Both pre‐clinical and clinical evidences supported the development of plant phytochemicals as Mpro inhibitors.
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