The efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for non-segmental vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used with conventional treatments for vitiligo, demonstrating more effectiveness compared with conventional treatments alone. Especially, fractional CO2 laser combined with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) was shown to induce more improvement compared with NB-UVB monotherapy for treating stable non-segmental vitiligo. However, the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser plus NB-UVB for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the safety and efficacy of fractional CO2 laser combined with NB-UVB compared with NB-UVB monotherapy in stable non-segmental vitiligo. We searched the data from different databases, including Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed up to January 2020. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for comparison between fractional CO2 laser plus NB-UVB and NB-UVB monotherapy in patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo were included. We performed meta-analyses for repigmentation improvement and patient satisfaction as well as subgroup analyses based on acral or non-acral vitiligo, according to the PRISMA guidelines. The combination treatment showed more superior results than NB-UVB monotherapy (≥ 75% repigmentation, RR 4.60, 95% CI 1.19-17.74; ≥ 50% repigmentation, RR 2.24, 95% CI 0.45-11.17; < 25% repigmentation, RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.60-1.08). Also, fractional CO2 laser plus NB-UVB significantly improved acral and non-acral vitiligo compared with NB-UVB monotherapy (standard mean difference (SMD) 1.24, 95% CI 0.66-1.82; SMD 1.14, 95% CI 0.67-1.60, respectively), while it increased markedly patient satisfaction compared with NB-UVB monotherapy (SMD 1.12, 95% CI 0.66-1.58). Collectively, this meta-analysis suggested that fractional CO2 laser combined with NB-UVB might be more effective for treating non-segmental vitiligo than NB-UVB monotherapy.