Abstract
Background: Periodontitis, a major oral health issue, is closely linked to oral hygiene practices and systemic health conditions. Understanding the effectiveness of various oral hygiene strategies and their association with systemic diseases is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment protocols. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of oral hygiene habits (tooth brushing, flossing, and mouthwash use) and the presence of systemic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) on the risk of periodontitis. Methods: In this retrospective study, dental records from 500 patients treated for periodontitis at a single dental clinic were analyzed. Data on oral hygiene habits and systemic health conditions were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between oral hygiene practices and periodontitis, controlling for demographic factors and medical history. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the risk association. SPSS software, version 25.0, was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The average age of participants was 55.3 years, with a predominance of males (60%). In terms of oral hygiene, 64.4% brushed their teeth twice daily, 46.4% flossed occasionally, and 39.2% used mouthwash occasionally. Those brushing less than once a day had 2.3 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.6-3.3) of periodontitis compared to those brushing more frequently. Participants who never flossed had 3.8 times higher odds (95% CI: 2.6-5.4) of developing periodontitis than daily flossers. Hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were associated with higher odds of periodontitis, at 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2-3.0), 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6-3.6), and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3-3.7) times, respectively. Conclusion: Regular oral hygiene practices significantly reduce the risk of periodontitis. Additionally, systemic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. These findings underscore the importance of integrated oral and systemic health management.
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