Abstract
Due to high athropogenic loads on the environment, issues surrounding public health and safety in consumable products are being raised with ever-increasing frequency. One toxic metal, whose consumption results in irreparable harm to the health of animals and human is cadmium. To antagonize such toxic effects to human health, magnesium and zinc are considered being essential elements and their combination effects warrant further studies. To this end, we developed a Wistar rat model to look at the combinatorial effects of cadmium with magnesium and zinc consumption on the accumulation of iron and zinc ions in kidney and liver tissues. Our findings suggested that exposure to cadmium ions reduced zinc ion levels in the liver and kidneys, reduced iron ions in the liver (but were increased in the kidneys), decreased magnesium ions in the kidneys but increased their levels within the liver. Moreover, while the consumption of magnesium and zinc ions individually, partially reduced the effects caused by cadmium consumption alone, the simultaneous consumption of zinc and magnesium ions proved to be significantly more effective.
Highlights
Agricultural, medical, and technological applications of heavy metals can lead to the widespread exposure of humans to potentially toxic environments [1, 2]
Public health issues revolving around food and health safety have gained considerable attention
Cadmium ions can cause liver failure associated with hepatocyte degeneration, focal necrosis and fat deposition
Summary
Agricultural, medical, and technological applications of heavy metals can lead to the widespread exposure of humans to potentially toxic environments [1, 2]. The main sources of this element are air, soil, contaminated water and food – namely rice, cereals, vegetables, seafood and meat (including offal), all of which permit its entry into the human food chain [4] Once it enters the body of animals and humans, cadmium accumulates in the liver and kidneys and can become the main cause of diseases of these organs. Cadmium ions can cause liver failure associated with hepatocyte degeneration, focal necrosis and fat deposition It can accumulate within epithelial cells from the proximal tubules of the kidneys, where it can lead to generalized dysfunction of reabsorption and which is characterized by polyuria and low-molecular proteinuria [5,6,7,8]. Cadmium ions can functionally impair cell-based protective antioxidant mechanisms and the human reproductive system [9]
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