The Effects Of Water Stress And Organic Matter On Yield, Water Consuption and Water Efficiency On Sorghum

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in Al-Anbar university – College of Science. during autum season 2004, to study the effects of water stress and organic matter on yield, Consumptive water use and water efficiency of sorghum plant. The experiment included the following treatment: 1- Soil water stress(soil moisture tension) with three percentages 25, 50 and 75% of water availability. 2- Organic matter from aquatic plant with levels 0.000 , 250 and 500 gm - vase. 3- Soil type: tow soils were used with different textures. Factorial experiment was used according to completely randomized design (C.R.D.) with three replicates for each treatment. Plastic containers were used (capacity of 8 kg) with dried. And filled with sieved soils. Seeds of sorghum were planted on July - 2nd - 2004. Irrigation was done according to volumetric method to protect soil moisture stresses of the water availability percentage 25, 50 and 75%. The study continued up to December - 15th - 2004. The usage of water consumption by sorghum was calculated according to quantities of water applied for whole the period of growth season. Yield was harvested on December - 30th - 2004. Measured, also yield of seeds, water consumption and water use efficiency. The result can be summarized as follows:- 1- The yield of sorghum seed was affected significantly by changing water stress and organic matter. The interference between water deficit 25% with 250 gm - vase organic matter gave a highest yield 30.6 gm - vase (4377 kg - hec) and 43.77 gm - vase (6189 kg - hec) for the two soils, Sandy loam and clay loam respectively. The treatment water deficit 75% and zero organic matter had lower yield. 2- Water stress and organic matter were affected significantly on water consumption for sorghum. Water consumption decreased with increasing in percentage of moisture deficit, and by adding organic matter. The lower value of water consumption was in a treatment of 75%, with the water deficit 250 gm organic matter, 60.46 and 51.44 L - vase for sandy loam soil and clay loam soil. 3- Increasing in water stress caused a decrease in water efficiency values. While addition of organic matter caused on increase in water efficiency. The highest values of water efficiency was achieved by treatment of 25% water deficit with the 250 gm organic matter. Water efficiency was 0.446 and 0.729 kg - m3 for sandy loam and clay loam soils respectively. The lowest values of water use efficiency were in treatment of 75% water deficit with out organic matter for the tow soils. 4- Clay loam soil was recognized as compared with the sandy loam soil by increase yield, and less water consumption highest water use efficiency.