The Effects of Unequal Diffusion Coefficients on Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in Prey Harvested Reaction-Diffusion Systems

Abstract

AbstractIn this investigation, we explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of reaction-diffusion predator-prey systems with Holling type II functional response. For partial differential equation, we consider the diffusion-driven instability of the coexistence equilibrium solution through spatiotemporal patterns. We find the conditions for Turing bifurcation of the system in a two-dimensional spatial domain by making use of the linear stability analysis and the bifurcation analysis. By choosing the ecological system parameter as the bifurcation parameter, we show that the system experiences a sequence of spatiotemporal patterns. The results of numerical simulations unveil that there are various spatial patterns including typical Turing patterns such as hot spots, spots-stripes mixture and stripes pattern through Turing instability. Our results show that the ecological system parameter plays a vital function in the proposed reaction-diffusion predator-prey models. Numerical design has been finally carried out through graphical representations of those outcomes towards the end in order to recognize the spatiotemporal behaviour of the system under study. All the outcomes are predictable to be of use in the study of the dynamic complexity of flora and fauna.KeywordsReaction-diffusion equationsPrey refugePrey harvestingTuring instabilitySpatiotemporal patternAMS35B3635G3135K5537C7537H2070Kxx82B26