The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on vibratory-induced presynaptic inhibition of the soleus H reflex

Abstract

A single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulus (TMS) may induce contraction in many muscles of the body at the same time. This is specially the case when using the double-cone coil to obtain the motor evoked potentials in leg muscles. Even if intensity is kept below threshold for the soleus muscle, TMS induces facilitation of the soleus H reflex that is separated into two phases: the first, peaking at 10-20ms and the second, peaking at 70-90ms. We investigated the possibility that TMS-induced facilitation of the H reflex was related, at least in part, to the reafferentation volley reaching the alpha motoneuron after synchronized contraction of other muscles in the body. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of vibration on the TMS-induced facilitation of the soleus H reflex. As expected, vibration applied over the triceps tendon caused a significant reduction in H reflex amplitude: 42.4±6.4% of control values. When conditioned by TMS at intervals corresponding to the first phase, the H reflex was facilitated to the same extent in both conditions: with and without vibration. However, at intervals corresponding to the second facilitation phase, there was a significantly reduced facilitation with vibration. These differential effects of vibration on the two phases of the TMS-induced facilitation of the H reflex indicate a different mechanism for each facilitation phase. The first phase could result from direct corticospinal excitatory input, while the second phase might depend on inputs via Ia afferents from heteronymous muscles.