The effects of TMS over the anterior intraparietal area on anticipatory fingertip force scaling and the size-weight illusion.

Abstract

When lifting an object skillfully, fingertip forces need to be carefully scaled to the object's weight, which can be inferred from its apparent size and material. This anticipatory force scaling ensures smooth and efficient lifting movements. However, even with accurate motor plans, weight perception can still be biased. In the size-weight illusion, objects of different size but equal weight are perceived to differ in heaviness, with the small object perceived to be heavier than the large object. The neural underpinnings of anticipatory force scaling to object size and the size-weight illusion are largely unknown. In this study, we tested the role of anterior intraparietal cortex (aIPS) in predictive force scaling and the size-weight illusion, by applying continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) prior to participants lifting objects of different sizes. Participants received cTBS over aIPS, the primary motor cortex (control area), or Sham stimulation. We found no evidence that aIPS stimulation affected the size-weight illusion. Effects were, however, found on anticipatory force scaling, where grip force was less tuned to object size during initial lifts. These findings suggest that aIPS is not involved in the perception of object weight but plays a transient role in the sensorimotor predictions related to object size. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skilled object manipulation requires forming anticipatory motor plans according to the object's properties. Here, we demonstrate the role of anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) in anticipatory grip force scaling to object size, particularly during initial lifting experience. Interestingly, this role was not maintained after continued practice and was not related to perceptual judgments measured with the size-weight illusion.