The Effects of Time Pressure and Task Differences on Influence Modes and Accuracy in Decision-Making Groups

Abstract

This study explores the effects of time pressure and task differences on group decision accuracy and on the emergence and effectiveness of normative and informational influence. Three person groups completed one of two ranking tasks under high or low-time-pressure conditions. Although both were intellective, one task was perceived by subjects as judgmental, and one was perceived as intellective. Group discussions were coded for statements reflecting normative influence, informational influence, or other processes. In general, normative influence emerged and was more effective for groups working under time pressure. Informational influence emerged and was more effective for groups working on an intellective task and for groups working under low time pressure. Accuracy of the solution was related to amount of information influence used and was greater for groups working on the intellective task. Results were consistent with Kaplan's model of group influence processes and Karau and Kelly's attentional focus model.