THE EFFECTS OF TIME PRESSURE AND SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINS ON THE PROACTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AS A MEDIATOR

Abstract

Proactive work behavior has become a necessity for many modern, dynamic and global companies, in which employees are required to exhibit proactive work behavior in order to successfully achieve both individual and organizational outcomes. A person’s behavior is not only influenced by the nature inherent in him or her, but a person’s traits interact with his or her environmental situation. Emphasizing negative contextual factors, this study measured the effects of job stressors (time pressure and situational constraints) on the proactive work behavior through psychological empowerment as a mediator. The samples used were 140 salespeople in various business sectors. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling technique and the data collection tool was in the form of a questionnaire using a proactive work behavior scale (α = 0,916); time pressure (α = 0,845); situational constraints (α = 0,881); psychological empowerment (α = 0,898). The data analysis used was partial least square by means of SmartPLS 3.0 program. The findings indicated that the job stressor of time pressure had a positive effect on the proactive work behavior, while the job stressor of situational constraints had a negative effect on the proactive work behavior. Related to the mediating role, the psychological empowerment did not have a mediating role in the relationship between those two job stressors and the proactive work behavior.