The Effects of the Marine-Derived Polysaccharides Laminarin and Chitosan on Aspects of Colonic Health in Pigs Challenged with Dextran Sodium Sulphate.

Ruth Rattigan,Lekha M Margassery,Torres Sweeney,Marion T Ryan,Kevin Thornton,John J Callanan,Alan D W Dobson,Niall D O’Leary,Gaurav Rajauria,Rocco S Sebastiano,John V O’Doherty,Stafford Vigors

doi:10.3390/md18050262

Ruth Rattigan, Lekha M Margassery + Show 10 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/md18050262

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Abstract

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with laminarin or chitosan on colonic health in pigs challenged with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Weaned pigs were assigned to: (1) a basal diet (n = 22); (2) a basal diet + laminarin (n = 10); and (3) a basal diet + chitosan (n = 10). On d35, the basal group was split, creating four groups: (1) the basal diet (control); (2) the basal diet + DSS; (3) the basal diet + laminarin + DSS; and (4) the basal diet + chitosan + DSS. From d39–42, the pigs were orally challenged with DSS. On d44, colonic tissue/digesta samples were collected. The basal DSS group had reduced growth, higher pathology score and an increased expression of MMP1, IL13 and IL23 compared with the controls (p < 0.05); these parameters were similar between the DSS-challenged groups (p > 0.05). In the basal DSS group, the relative abundance of beneficial taxa including Prevotella and Roseburia were reduced while Escherichia/Shigella were increased, compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella was reduced and the molar proportions of acetate were increased in the laminarin DSS group compared with the basal DSS group (p < 0.01), suggesting that laminarin has potential to prevent pathogen proliferation and enhance the volatile fatty acid profile in the colon in a porcine model of colitis.

Highlights

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease are characterised by chronic and recurrent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [1,2,3].The aetiology of IBD involves a complex interaction between host genetics, lifestyle/environmental factors and the gut microbiome
Pigs supplemented with laminarin had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the basal group over the 35-day period (p < 0.05), this did not significantly reduce the average daily gain (ADG) or gain to feed ratio (G:F)
Patients, including reduced feed intake, weight gain and faecal consistency, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, reduced bacterial diversity, reduced relative abundance of taxa belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and increased Escherichia/Shigella

Summary

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease are characterised by chronic and recurrent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [1,2,3]. The aetiology of IBD involves a complex interaction between host genetics, lifestyle/environmental factors and the gut microbiome. The IBD patient loses immunotolerance towards enteric bacteria, resulting in uncontrolled inflammation and epithelial damage [3,4,5]. The composition of the gut microbiota strongly influences the outcome of such an immune interaction, with some microbes promoting immune regulation, while other pathogenic organisms drive inflammation at stressful times in susceptible hosts [6]. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 262; doi:10.3390/md18050262 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs

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