Abstract
The current work presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of the location of gold additives on the performance of combustion-generated tin dioxide (SnO2) nanopowders in solid state gas sensors. The time response and sensor response to 500 ppm carbon monoxide is reported for a range of gold additive/SnO2 film architectures including the use of colloidal, sputtered, and combustion-generated Au additives. The opportunities afforded by combustion synthesis to affect the SnO2/additive morphology are demonstrated. The best sensor performance in terms of sensor response (S) and time response (τ) was observed when the Au additives were restricted to the outermost layer of the gas-sensing film. Further improvement was observed in the sensor response and time response when the Au additives were dispersed throughout the outermost layer of the film, where S = 11.3 and τ = 51 s, as opposed to Au localized at the surface, where S = 6.1 and τ = 60 s.
Highlights
Environmental monitoring is increasingly becoming the standard in the industrial, residential and commercial sectors; fueled by our growing awareness of gases or vapors that are harmful to humanSensors 2010, 10 health or the environment
Four sensor architectures were considered with additives generated using combustion synthesis (CS), metal precipitation (MP) or sputtering (S) methods
The sensors were each characterized in terms of the film nanoarchitecture and sensor performance
Summary
Environmental monitoring is increasingly becoming the standard in the industrial, residential and commercial sectors; fueled by our growing awareness of gases or vapors that are harmful to humanSensors 2010, 10 health or the environment. Research on tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconia (ZrO2), and titania (TiO2) based gas sensors continues to introduce sensors with better sensor response, time response and selectivity by focusing on the film composition and architecture including characteristics such as trace additives or dopants, film morphology, and surface treatments [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Among the SnO2 additives considered, gold (Au) has been demonstrated to dramatically improve tin dioxide gas sensors in terms of sensor response and selectivity to some target gases [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. The objective of the current work was to systematically explore how controlling the distribution and location of gold nanoparticle additives can be used to alter and enhance tin dioxide gas sensor performance. Multiple integration methods are considered in this study to achieve a variety of film architectures
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