The Effects of the First Phase of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents With preexisting Psychiatric Conditions.

Abstract

Few studies have examined the impact of the initial school closures and stay-at-home orders on those vulnerable children and adolescents with preexisting psychiatric conditions. In our study, we explore the impact on this population and identify risk and resilience factors by looking both at those children who were impacted negatively as well as those who were impacted positively by this period. Questionnaires were administered by child and adolescent psychiatrists to 101 parents of child and adolescent outpatients in a mental health clinic as well as 75 of the adolescents, themselves, during the initial stay-at-home orders in Israel. Parents and their children were asked how the situation changed the symptoms for which the children are being treated at our clinic. Information regarding demographic, family, and individual factors was also gathered. The largest group of parents (44%) reported improvement in their child's symptoms during this period, whereas 33% reported no change and 25% reported worsening. Risk factors included parental stress and level of child preoccupation with Covid-19. The major protective factor was parental presence. Although home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic can lead to worsening mental health status among children, it can also provide an opportunity for those with previous mental health conditions to improve and strive. For these children to improve during such a period, decreased social and academic demands and increased parental presence seem to be key factors. For those who deteriorate, identifying and targeting parental stress can be as important as targeting the child's stress during such times.