Abstract
Introduction: Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult. Tissue engineering (using scaffold), cells and growth factors can be used as alternatives to improve healing. Alginate is an ideal scaffold which has been also approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The transforming growth factor β3 (TGF β3) increases the viability of the chondrocytes and secretion of extra cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF β3 in the viability and production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and aggrecan by rib chondrocytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, isolated costal chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured for 3 weeks. Then, samples were divided into 2 groups: TGF-β3 treated and control groups. Finally, the viability of chondrocytes and production of GAG and aggrecan in both groups were evaluated by MTT, GAG and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: By 14 days, the results of the MTT showed that viability had significantly increased in the control group in compared to the TGF-β3 treated group. This is while by 21 days, the TGF-β3 treated group the viability had increased After 14 and 21 days, the GAG production in the TGF-β3 treated group had significantly increased in compared to the control group. The ELISA technique revealed that the production of aggrecan significantly increased in the TGF-β3 treated group at 14 days. Conclusions: Results indicate that TGF-β3 can increase the growth of costal cartilage and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, TGF-β3 is necessary for the regeneration of cartilage.
Highlights
Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult
106 cells of passage 2 cultured in 1.5% alginate solutions in 2 groups: chondrogenic medium containing TGF-β3 growth factor and without TGF-β3 cells and produced extracellular matrix evaluated in 14 and 21 days
The TGF-β3 treated group had a significant increase of cell viability at 21 days compared to 1 and 14 days
Summary
Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult. Conclusions: Results indicate that TGF-β3 can increase the growth of costal cartilage and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). This matrix can cause the cartilage to withstand mechanical pressure without permanent deformation These compounds create an appropriate smoothness and sliding in joints.[1] Cartilage tissue does not have a high regenerative power due to its lack of blood flow unlike the bone, which has a more efficient mechanism for repairing itself.[1] The damaged or eroded cartilage has limited ability to repair itself.
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