Abstract
The shield tunneling method is widely used, especially in urban areas, since it is efficient for minimizing disturbances to surroundings. Although segmental lining is commonly used in this method, in both the research and practice of tunnel lining design, the interaction between the ground and lining in the tangential direction remains unclear; that is, the mobilizing shear stress due to load models and the degree of the bond in the tangential direction. Therefore, to clarify the effects and mechanism of the tangential ground–lining interaction on segmental lining behavior, a parameter study was carried out, taking tangential spring stiffness, load models, soil stiffness, and shallow and deep tunnels as parameters. The interaction conditions were based on the existing literature. It was found that (1) the tangential spring has small effects on lining behavior, (2) the load model significantly affects the sectional forces, (3) the initial tangential earth pressure and slip ground–lining boundary provide more safety from a design viewpoint, and (4) in the case of shallow tunnels in soft ground, tensile stress appears in the lining. Therefore, it is important to take the tangential ground–lining interaction conditions into consideration during tunnel lining analysis.
Highlights
The shield tunneling method is widely used in soft soils especially in urban areas because it is efficient for minimizing disturbances to surroundings
This paper aims to make clear the effects of the tangential ground–lining interaction, of interaction, of which the conditions from the standards, guidelines, and recommendations on which the conditions come from thecome standards, guidelines, and recommendations on tunnel lining tunnel lining on the lining and lining sectional forces, obtained through study a parameter design, on thedesign, lining behavior andbehavior lining sectional forces, obtained through a parameter using study using the beam-spring model and ground springs
The displacement, the normal effective earth pressure, the tangential earth pressure acting on the lining, lining displacement, the normal effective earth pressure, the tangential earth pressure acting on the the bending moment, and the axial force are shown in Figures 7 and 8 for the deep tunnel and shallow lining, the bending moment, and the axial force are shown in Figures 7 and 8 for the deep tunnel and 3 only because tunnel for the ground
Summary
The shield tunneling method is widely used in soft soils especially in urban areas because it is efficient for minimizing disturbances to surroundings. In this method, segmental lining is commonly used. There is interaction between the lining and the surrounding ground, constraining the lining in both normal and tangential directions. This mechanism results in reactions from the ground in both directions. A segmental lining design is carried out for (1) transient situations before segment installation, during tunnel boring-machine (TBM) tunneling, and during additional temporary works; (2) persistent situations due to the ground and groundwater, tolerance of construction, surrounding load conditions, and tunnel-use conditions; (3) accidental situations; and (4) seismic situations [1]. In the case of the segmental lining design for the final loading stage, the following two methods are commonly used
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