The effects of systolic arterial blood pressure variations on postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Abstract

In this clinical study, we tested the hypothesis that a marked systolic blood pressure decrease >35% (DeltaSBP >35%) from preanesthetic baseline during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia is associated with more postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In 300 ASA physical status I and II women undergoing elective gynecological surgery with general anesthesia, the maximum DeltaSBP during the induction as well as maintenance of general anesthesia were calculated. Observers blinded to hemodynamic variables assessed the incidence of PONV. The overall incidence of nausea (visual analog scale >4) and vomiting within the immediate observation period (0-2 h) was 39% and 25%, respectively. Frequency of nausea and vomiting in the late observation period was 21% and 9%, respectively. Women with a DeltaSBP >35% during the induction of anesthesia suffered from a more frequent incidence of PONV within the immediate (57% versus 35% and 41% versus 22%, respectively; P < 0.01) and within the late observation period (33% versus 18% and 19% versus 7%, respectively; P < or = 0.01). In women with a DeltaSBP >35% during maintenance of anesthesia, a more frequent incidence of nausea within the immediate observation period (53% versus 36%; P < 0.05) was found. We conclude that a maximum DeltaSBP >35% during the anesthetic induction is associated with an increased incidence of PONV after gynecological surgery during general anesthesia. A prospective clinical investigation revealed that a marked systolic blood pressure decrease >35% (DeltaSBP >35%) during the induction of general anesthesia is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The association between a DeltaSBP >35% during maintenance of general anesthesia and PONV is less pronounced.