Abstract
Airway defense during pharyngeal deglutition depends upon precise timing of the tongue, larynx and pharynx actions. After excision of cancer the surgeon must reconstruct the lingual-laryngeal-pharyngeal mechanism in such a way that the complex and precise coordination of swallowing is retained. New surgical reconstructive techniques facilitate retention or restoration of swallowing. The contribution of manofluorography to postoperative evaluation of swallowing is described.
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