Abstract
BackgroundThe stomach is an underestimated key interface between the ingesta and the digestive system, affecting the digestion and playing an important role in several endocrine functions. The quality of starter microbiota and the early life feeding of medium chain triglycerides may affect porcine gastric maturation. Two trials (T1, T2) were carried out on 12 and 24 cesarean-delivered piglets (birth, d0), divided over two microbiota treatments, but slaughtered and sampled at two or three weeks of age, respectively. All piglets were fed orally: sow serum (T1) or pasteurized sow colostrum (T2) on d0; simple starter microbiota (Lactobacillus amylovorus, Clostridium glycolicum and Parabacteroides spp.) (d1-d3); complex microbiota inoculum (sow diluted feces, CA) or a placebo (simple association, SA) (d3-d4) and milk replacer ad libitum (d0-d4). The The T1 piglets and half of the T2 piglets were then fed a moist diet (CTRL); the remaining half of the T2 piglets were fed the CTRL diet fortified with medium chain triglycerides and 7% coconut oil (MCT). Total mRNA from the oxyntic mucosa was analyzed using Affymetrix©Porcine Gene array strips. Exploratory functional analysis of the resulting values was carried out using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.ResultsComplex microbiota upregulated 11 gene sets in piglets of each age group vs. SA. Of these sets, 6 were upregulated at both ages, including the set of gene markers of oxyntic mucosa. In comparison with the piglets receiving SA, the CA enriched the genes in the sets related to interferon response when the CTRL diet was given while the same sets were impoverished by CA with the MCT diet.ConclusionsEarly colonization with a complex starter microbiota promoted the functional maturation of the oxyntic mucosa in an age-dependent manner. The dietary fatty acid source may have affected the recruitment and the maturation of the immune cells, particularly when the piglets were early associated with a simplified starter microbiota.
Highlights
The stomach is an underestimated key interface between the ingesta and the digestive system, affecting the digestion and playing an important role in several endocrine functions
As general information, body weight gain was similar among piglet groups both in trial 1 and trial 2
The complex microbiota (CA) downregulated 6 gene sets at both ages, all related to cycling activity, mitosis regulation steps and general protein synthesis. Another 1 and 8 gene sets were downregulated in piglets of two and three weeks of age, respectively as compared to the simplex microbiota (SA)
Summary
The stomach is an underestimated key interface between the ingesta and the digestive system, affecting the digestion and playing an important role in several endocrine functions. Trevisi et al Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2017) 8:82 immune response, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor responsible for the transport of secretory immunoglobulins [1], submucosal and mucosal lymphoid follicles with and without compartmental organization of T and B lymphocytes [2] and plasma cells [3] This implies the relevance of adequate stimulation of the local microbiota as has been demonstrated in the intestine [4]. It has generally been recognized that the availability of a single ‘standard’ microbiome could circumvent several problems in studies focusing on the interaction of the host and its microbiota [5] For this purpose, Laycock et al [6] selected a few bacteria strains as a standardized microbiota owing to their positive influence on a new early microbial colonization in the porcine gut
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