Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects oculomotor (eye movement) control. Dysfunctional oculomotor control may result in reading or educational difficulties. This randomized controlled crossover study sought to investigate the feasibility of a larger scale trial and effects of a single session of spinal manipulation on oculomotor control in children with ADHD. Thirty children participated in the study and were randomized into either control-first or spinal manipulation first groups. The results indicate that the trial was feasible. Secondary outcomes showed that there was a significant decrease in reading time after the spinal manipulation intervention compared to the control intervention. Future studies of the effects of spinal manipulation on oculomotor control in children with ADHD are suggested.
Highlights
The worldwide prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to be around 5.9–7.1% of the population [1,2], making it the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood [3]
Children with ADHD are 7.1 times more likely to be expelled from school and 3.1 times more likely to repeat a grade compared to children without ADHD [6]
The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12616001448437
Summary
The worldwide prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to be around 5.9–7.1% of the population [1,2], making it the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood [3]. ADHD is defined as a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity reaching past normal developmental stages [4,5]. Children with ADHD are 7.1 times more likely to be expelled from school and 3.1 times more likely to repeat a grade compared to children without ADHD [6]. Those with ADHD are 4 to 5 times more likely to use special educational services than children without ADHD [7]. Thirty-nine percent of children with ADHD experience concurrent reading disabilities [8] and previous research suggests these educational issues may result, in part, from oculomotor (eye movement) dysfunction associated with ADHD [9]
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