THE EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE REGIME AND ORGANIC AND IN-ORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZERS RATES ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, WHEAT YIELD AND SOME NUTRIENTS UPTAKE

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in loamy sand of IsimailiaAgricultural Research Station (ARC) during winter season 2010-2011. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), Giza 168 variety weresown. The used treatments were include two factors, (A) three levelsof soil moisture regime; 75%(W1), 60%(W2) and 45%(W3) of fieldcapacity); (B) five organic treatments (chicken manure) and mineral(ammonium sulfate) nitrogen rates; (control (T1), 120 kg N ChK(T2), 65 kg N ChK + 55kg N mineral (T3), 50 kg N ChK+70 kg Nmineral (T4), 35 kg N Chk+85 kg N mineral (T5). The experimentdesign as randomized complete block design for factor A with B splitplot on A in three replicates. After harvest, grain and straw yieldwere recorded, NPK uptake of the grain and straw, soil properties(Bd, VR, TP, HC, Pores and moisture constant) were determined.The results were summarized as follow;Data revealed that effect of moisture regime W1, W2 and W3were insignificant on soil physical properties. Significantly changesin bulk density and soil porosity due to the use of differentapplication rates of both chicken manure and inorganic fertilizers asammonium sulfate, where BD decreased and VR and TP increasedwith nitrogen rates. Relative decreased in QDP and FCP whileincreasing SDP and WHP for T2, T3, T4 and T5 compared tocontrol. Hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased by applyingchicken manure. The maximum decreases were 35.41, 21.12, 23.40and 11.05 for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Also, WHC, FC andAW increased, while WP decreased with the previous treatmentscompared to control.Soil moisture regime of W1 and W3 at the root zoon resulted ina significant decrease and W2 increased on yield of wheat grain andstraw. Regardless the effect of nitrogen level, decreasing themoisture content in the root zone decreasing the grain and straw ofwheat yield and the values could be arranged in descending order asfollows W1>W2>W3 for grain, and W2.>W1>W3 for straw. Themaximum and minimum values of wheat grain and straw yield were3.211, 0.487, at (T4W2), (T1W3) for grain yield 5.099, 0.952ton/fed after, (T4W2) and (T1W3) for straw.Soil moisture regime of W2 as well as T4 was the highest effecton N-uptake of grain and straw. Nitrogen treatments increased Nuptake in both grain and straw. It could arrange the mean values ofN-uptake in descending order as T4 > T5> T3 for both grain andstraw. Soil moisture regime of W1 for grain and W2 for straw as wellas T4 for both were the highest effect of P-uptake in the grain andstraw.Increase inorganic-N increased K–uptake in both grain andstraw. It could arrange the mean values on descending order asfollows T4 > T3> T5 respectively. The same trend was observed incase of the effect of water regime on the K uptake. Water regimetreatment of W2 and nitrogen treatments of T4 have pronounced onthe K–uptake in grain and straw.