The effects of short-interval postconditioning in preventing testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

AimTesticular torsion can lead to testicular damage. During reperfusion, tissue damage is more severe. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-interval postconditioning and determine the optimal time of reperfusion for postconditioning. Materials and MethodsThirty-five adult male rats were divided into 5 subgroups: Sh (sham operated), TD (torsion + detorsion), PC5 (torsion + postconditioning 5 seconds), PC10 (torsion + postconditioning-10 seconds), PC20 (torsion + postconditioning 20 seconds). Torsion was created by rotating the left testis counterclockwise 1080° and the testis fixed to the scrotum with 3 sutures. Torsion was maintained for 4 hours. The testicular artery was visualized, and before detorsion of the testis, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied to prevent reperfusion in all study groups. Then, detorsion of the testis was performed. In the TD group, the clamp was released just after detorsion; in the PC5 group, the clamp was released for 5 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); in the PC10 group, the clamp was released for 10 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); and in the PC20 group, the clamp was released for 20 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times). Then, all testes were reperfused for a 1-hour period in all study groups. After this period, the rats were sacrificed, and the left testes were removed and evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. ResultsTissue malondialdehyde levels were 79.3 ± 10.6, 231.7 ± 102.3, 71.3 ± 12.6, 73.8 ± 13.7, and 124.3 ± 48.0 nmol/g tissue in the Sh, TD, PC5, PC10, and PC20 groups, respectively. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the PC5 and PC10 groups (P < .05) compared to the other groups. However, mean histopathologic grade was lower in all postconditioning groups compared to the control group, but the difference was significant only in the PC5 group (P < .05). ConclusionWe conclude that short-interval postconditioning can reduce reperfusion injury in ischemic tissue and the optimal mode of short-interval postconditioning is 5 seconds × 10 times. This technique seems easily applicable, and a similar technique may be used during testicular surgery.