Abstract
This paper undertakes an empirical examination of the internal composition of planned and unplanned shopping centers in planned and unplanned shopping center hierarchies. In both hierarchies, in comparison to planned centers, unplanned centers are found to have more replication of stores of types for which replication would represent excess capacity and fewer stores of types for which replication would reduce consumer search costs. It is also expected that constraints on entry in the planned hierarchy will result in higher turnover rates in a less regulated non-hierarchical sector of retailing and that planned and unplanned centers within the planned hierarchy will have similar turnover rates. These hypotheses are also confirmed by empirical tests.
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