Abstract
In a laboratory experiment, we studied the effects of perturbation of a forest floor substrate with six concentrations (10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 ppm) of four herbicides: glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine), 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid), triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-pyridinyloxyacetic acid), and two formulations of hexazinone (3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)dione). Although their toxic thresholds differ, the herbicides all caused significant decreases in the germination of seeds. However, large decreases in germination only occurred at concentrations that are unrealistically large in comparison with the herbicide residues that actually occur after a silvicultural treatment. In a parallel field experiment, no significant difference in seedling germination was observed for forest floor samples that were exposed to or shielded from herbicide deposition at two sites that were sprayed in an operational program.
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